As of February 12, 2026, Latvia continues to solidify its position as a critical Northern European hub, balancing a rich historical legacy with its modern role as a proactive member of the European Union and NATO. Situated on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, this nation of approximately 1.9 million people is increasingly recognized for its strategic defense investments and its commitment to regional stability.
Geographic and Demographic Profile
Latvia is the central of the three Baltic states, bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast. Roughly the size of West Virginia, the country is characterized by its flat terrain, expansive forests, and over 12,000 rivers. The capital, Riga, remains the largest city and a major cultural and economic center.
The population is ethnically diverse, with Latvians making up approximately 56.5% of the inhabitants, followed by a significant Russian minority (30.4%), as well as Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Poles. While Latvian is the sole official language, Russian and English are widely spoken in urban areas.
Historical Context and Identity
The history of the Latvian people dates back to 9000 BC, with Proto-Baltic ancestors settling the region around 3000 BC. After centuries of foreign rule—including periods under Swedish, Polish, and Russian influence—Latvia first proclaimed independence on November 18, 1918. Following a period of Soviet occupation and annexation starting in 1940, Latvia successfully restored its independence in 1991.
Latest News and International Relations
In recent months, Latvia has emerged as a “frontrunner” in European defense, according to EU officials. Key updates include:
- Defense and Security: Latvia has significantly increased its defense spending and remains a staunch ally of Ukraine, hosting high-level diplomatic visits and providing substantial military aid.
- Regional Cooperation: The Latvian government recently adopted a resolution to assist Sweden with its 2026 Winter Olympic bid, showcasing deepening ties within the Nordic-Baltic region.
- Social Policy: Recent legislative debates regarding international treaties on protecting women from violence have sparked significant public discourse and protests in Riga.
- International Presence: Canadian and other NATO military members remain deployed in Latvia as part of the Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) to bolster security against regional threats.
Life in Latvia: Public Insights
For those considering visiting or relocating, Latvia offers a high quality of life characterized by “green and lush” landscapes and a safe environment. Residents often highlight the country’s “upward mobility” and “affordable housing” compared to Western European standards. While the climate can be challenging—marked by long, dark winters—the cultural scene, particularly in art and music, is vibrant and accessible.
Socially, Latvians are often described as reserved initially but warm and hospitable once a connection is established. The country’s public transport system and digital infrastructure are frequently cited as superior to those in many other developed nations.
Travel and Economy
As a member of the Schengen Area, Latvia is easily accessible to international travelers. The economy is driven by sectors such as logistics, woodworking, and information technology. Despite global economic fluctuations, Latvia maintains a stable parliamentary republic, with Prime Minister Evika Siliņa currently leading the government’s efforts toward further European integration.